reasons police come to your house with papersreasons police come to your house with papers

Also instruct family, roommates, and kids not to answer the door to strangers. A third exception occurs when a police officer has probable cause and believes that there is not enough time to obtain a warrant before the property or evidence, believed to be related to a crime, is destroyed or removed. Use of this website and your request for a consultation does not create an attorney-client relationship with Lauren Taylor Law, or any of our attorneys. There are a few things that you can do,following the police arriving at your door, to make the best of the current situation. Am I Responsible for My Spouse's Medical Debt? First things first: If you see the police on your porch and they knock on your door, you can call an attorney on the spot for case-specific legal advice. 2021 Barr, Jones & Associates LLP - All Rights Reserved, Barr, Jones & Associates Named a 2019 Law Firm 500 Honoree, Barr, Jones & Associates Named a 2021 Law Firm 500 Honoree. DO NOT ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS DEMAND THAT YOU SPEAK WITH. If you have ever experienced the anxiety of having the police knocking at your door, you probably wish you had known more about your rights before you opened it. As the Ontario Court of Appeal held inR v Van Puyenbroek, [i]f there are no exigent circumstances, it is difficult to imagine why an officer could not proceed to obtain the warrant, outside of a classic situation of hot pursuit, in which the officer is literally on the heels of a suspect at the moment the suspect enters a dwelling-house. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Exceptions exist both according to statutory authority, at common law and, of course, where an individual with the authority to permit entry to a home provides full and informed consent. Are you goin g through a divorce? Arrested for Drunk Driving During the Holidays? If a police officer believes that they have seen something in plain sight that is evidence related to a crime or is illegal contraband (drugs, certain weapons, etc. reasons police come to your house with papers. Another situation when police can enter premises is to prevent injury to a person, damage to property or domestic violence (Sections 609-611). Call or Text at 3. You may need to pay over three months, and he or she will set a tough schedule on when payments are due. 1). If they do have a warrant, do not resist or obstruct them from searching your home. Even if they haveprobable causeto believe something illegal is going on inside your home, the 4th Amendment requires police to get a signedsearch warrantfrom a judge to legally enter and search. Find them, tell them the address, the dates, and any information that would help the records custodian know what you are looking for. There actually be consent, express or implied; From someone with the authority to give the consent in question; The consent be voluntary and not the product of police oppression, coercion or other external conduct which negated the freedom to choose whether or not to allow the police to pursue the course of conduct requested; The giver of the consent be aware of the nature of the police conduct to which he or she was being asked to consent; The giver of the consent be aware of his or her right to refuse to permit the police to engage in the conduct requested; and. Amendment 2 - Right to bear arms. For instance, you should be aware that the police cannot forcibly enter your home without a good reason or a warrant. Beware of the officers sneaking a peak behind you! If youre concerned they might try to force an entry, you may greet them outside after exiting through another door. Some tenants want to appeal the case and have a new hearing to avoid having the sheriff evict them. A records request is allowed by State and Federal Law; the Federal authority is the Freedom of Information act (FOIA). that incriminating evidence could be found and used against them), and actually give consent freely, without duress or pressure, and have the authority to do so. The dream is sometimes balance. Make the right defense the right way with SoloSuit. You can do an open records request on what call came out at the location; however, they may not release what the outcome was. The most common reasons for a traffic stop are a traffic law violation, a broken brake light, or suspicion of drunk or drugged driving due to driving behavior. That in addition to your billing statements showing you had a balance, should be enough. ** No information that you obtain from this website is legal advice, nor is it intended to be. So what should you do when you get served? This could include jail time. apply to your particular case. Landlords can ask a police officer to come with them. What Happens After a Motion for Default Is Filed? Before forcing entry into a home the police should, at the minimum, request admission and have admission denied thereby allowing the resident(s) to potentially consent to the entry. A fourth exception, is the plain view doctrine. What Is the Statute of Limitations on Debt in Washington? Whether you can or not depends on what occurred at the hearing. Ask if you are free to leave. If no one answers the door upon police arrival, the dropped 911 call may serve as sufficient grounds to believe there are exigent circumstances for the police to enter the home to ensure that no one is injured or in the process of being killed. However, you won't usually see the sheriff evicting you in the middle of the night. What Happens If You Never Answer Debt Collectors? From drugs raids or searches of the homes of protesters accused of public order offences, Netpol's partner groups are aware of widespread confusion about people's legal rights if they are faced with a police raid. The sheriff is the cheapest form of process server, and so some parties will use the sheriff to serve lawsuits, subpoenas, etc., even in the civil world. The Truth: Should You Never Pay a Debt Collection Agency? Police may search your home without a warrant with your consent. The county sheriff performs a number of duties beyond law enforcement. Press J to jump to the feed. Should You Communicate with a Debt Collector in Writing or by Telephone? Don't answer your door to anybody. KodiakAnorak 8 yr. ago. Do I Need a Debt Collection Defense Attorney? Why You Should Always Exercise Your Right to Remain Silent in Charleston Criminal Cases, 1205 E Washington St, Greenville, SC 29601. If you are suspected of a crime, police have more rights, but you always have the right to remain silent. If you have more questions about what to do if the police come to your door, dont hesitate to contact our legal team. In my major US city, all police reports are available on a website as public record; I don't need to do any information request, etc. What are the biggest debt collector companies in the US? You may be expressing your concerns and worries about your own parents. Whether you are taken into custody or not, having the police take an interest in you and attempt to question you about a crime is a good reason to get a lawyer and make sure that your rights are protected. how many times can you charge an e-bike battery; What does it mean if you are served? barcelona flights june 2022; battery terminal isolator; data mining course project; Winners - February 2022 March 13, 2022. Some of this is hard to do on your own, but you can usually find an attorney to do it for a reasonable fee. Each request is 10 cents per copy. During that time, you can typically restore the original renting agreement by paying back the owed amount in full. While this is not a highly recommended response, some people may choose this path. Use of its products are governed by its Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, and Legal Disclaimer. Why would police come to a home (without being called) and ask for one of the residents? We do not provide legal advice nor do we practice law. there is evidence in your home that relates to a serious offence, and they need to find that evidence right away or it might be lost or destroyed. Also, you may be able to get another motion and ask for payments so you can pay it back over a few months. The officer putting them on the ground is good service. They may stand at your doorstep for hours, knocking and ringing the bell. If you had an eviction hearing that went against you, the sheriff probably brought the legal documents or posted them on the property because you lost. Obviously I'm curious, but at this point I'm also starting to get a little worried about what's going on over there. In most instances, both parties to a divorce want to [], Sometimes marriages dont work out for various reasons. Thank you. First and foremost, the police may enter onto or into an individuals property if they are given permission by the appropriate individual. Whether you are taken into custody or not, having the police take an interest in you and attempt to question you about a crime is a good reason to get a lawyer and make sure that your rights are protected. Is there any way I can figure out why the police were dispatched? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. You may speak with officers through the opening protected by your chain lock. They cannot come into your home without a search warrant. The major exception to the search warrant requirement is whereconsentis given to an officers request to enter. A couple of possibilities come to mind. Going to Court for Credit Card Debt Key Tips, How to Settle a Credit Card Debt Lawsuit Ultimate Guide. lawyers for a free-consultation at 1-833-784-7500. They clarify that no officer is permitted to enter your home by force if they do not have a good reason to do so (like a warrant or suspicion of violence or harm to a victim). And in the case of unpaid debt, it typically means that your creditor (or a landlord in the case of rental payments) has filed a lawsuit against you in an attempt to get you to repay your debt. A cop cannot pull you over for no reason. Ultimately, there is one main reason that a sheriff would show up at your house in this situation: You are probably being served. It is important to note that an individual is not required to give a police officer permission to enter or search that property. Falling behind on child support payments can be a very serious offense. Read our 50-state guide. Keep your hands where police can see them. If you are not suspected of a crime and you are not driving, then your participation in the exchange is voluntary. You have constitutional rights, but you need to . Even ignoring the service papers is a response! It says: ____ County Sherrif's office My Full name Please contact the sheriff's office between the hours of _ am and _ pm Monday thru Friday at The number listed below and please refer to: Sheriff's Process # XXXXXX Phone XXX-XXXX Ext. Speaking of which You are being summoned to appear. They will request you contact the sheriffs office. And just because you file the motion doesn't mean it will stop the sheriff from evicting you. And tell us about the police reform bill now pending before the house. Follow these steps if only personal service is allowed. If a person is physically abusing their partner, police may enter to stop the abuse continuing. This means they could come to your work, visit you while you are out in public, or somewhere else they know you are. However, when executing a warrant, police do not have to "knock-and-announce" if they believe there are emergency circumstances. If that happens, you'll probably lose the case and you'll owe more money. Find out what options what you have to beat them in court. SoloSuit makes it easy to respond to a debt collection lawsuit. Depends on your municipality, etc. The Supreme Court has ruled that the home is entitled to maximum search protection. If police come to your door and you dont require their help, you may simply decline to answer the door at all. Similarly, if they have a warrant to enter your home, then they are going to tell you that. Why Do Cops Show Up At Parties? This can be done either directly with the entity suing you or through the court. substitute for actual legal advice. If youd like to know more about your options or want to talk to an objective third party, feel free to reach out to Ascend! You can win your case if you make the right defense. What amendment are they exercising? Divorce paperwork, notices of lawsuits, judgement from collections and civil suits, etc. An arrest warrant is acquired in a court of law by presenting a judge with probable cause . Can the Police Enter Your Home Without Permission? Now, if the police have a good reason to force their way in, such as a complaint that someone is being abused orharmed in your home, then they are going to say so before they break down the door. If you are under arrest, you have a right to know why. How Many Times Can a Judgment be Renewed in Oklahoma? If you live in Ohio and need a Columbus divorce attorney, understand that you will need one [], The holiday season is finally here, and families and friends that have been away from each other or busy for a major part of the [], The holiday season is finally here, and most people are ready to have a good time. Check and see if they have them on your freeways. For example, they would be in hot pursuit if they were chasing The Alberta Court of Appeal, inR v Tav,has commented on the definition of exigent, adopting the Ontario Court of Appeals definition inR v Rao,which is: Exigent indicates in dictionary usage, the requiring of immediate action or aid; pressing, urgent or a state of pressing need; a time of extreme necessity; a critical occasion or one that requires immediate action or necessity; an emergency, extremity.. Contact Us. Police will knock on the door to speak with the owner about complaints about parties, and you have the right to refuse without a warrant. We provide no guarantee regarding case outcomes nor are we liable for any case outcomes. They may be excused for not doing so if there are extenuating circumstances, but in the majority of cases, they are going to tell you before they force their way in, giving you the opportunity to answer the door on your own and cooperate. The police are suspecting someone else in your household of a crime Someone has committed a crime in your neighborhood Someone has died The detectives have the wrong house You have a camera Your house is a crime scene They want to use your house for a stake out You have evidence Someone might have asked for a welfare check Can Debt Collectors Call From Local Numbers? Probable Cause 2392 North Decatur Road | Decatur, GA 30033, 2023 by The Law Firm of Shein & Brandenburg Even without a warrant, police may search your house if they have consent to do so.19. How to Make a Debt Validation Letter - The Ultimate Guide, How to Make a Motion to Compel Arbitration Without an Attorney, How to Stop Wage Garnishment Everything You Need to Know, How to File an FDCPA Complaint Against Your Debt Collector (Ultimate Guide), Defending Yourself in Court Against a Debt Collector, Tips on you can to file an FDCPA lawsuit against a debt collection agency. Or simply call a lawyer prior to answering the door if it is clear they do not have a warrant. Not sure if this is the proper section to post this on. Why did the sheriff's office leave a note on my door with my name on it? Still, if you do not answer the door, they cannot stay there forever. If you ignore the court date, you run the risk of the protective order being made permanent. We want to be clear: The burden of de-escalation does not fall on private citizens it falls on police officers. Categories . OpenPolice.org launched in all 50 states (plus DC)! The plain view doctrine has been interpreted to include items that are in an open garage. This is usually called a Motion to Stay The Writ Of Restitution and For a Payment Plan. The uncertainty as to the meaning of his visit is enough to make anyone's heart race! If you are not going back to court but need additional time to move, you still can talk to your landlord to give you more time, even if the sheriff has posted a notice to vacate. X Deputy (His Name . You could wind up owing more money that you cannot afford. But you have to make sure that you pay rent on time each month, or you may have paid everything back plus fees for nothing. They're trying to get your permission to come into the home. There are a few ways in which a police officer can enter your home without a warrant, and the first is simply by getting your consent. Simply put, probable cause is when there is sufficient reason or evidence to believe that a person or piece of property is associated with a crime. Or you didn't have all the evidence that you needed at the time. Debt Collection Lawsuit A sheriff or someone at the court may be knocking on your door to serve you a debt collection lawsuit for unpaid debt. For nearly two decades now, it has been established that prior to entering an individuals home to make an arrest officers must obtain a specialized warrant known as a Feeney warrant. I'm more interested in the reason for the dispatch, not the outcome. When I reached out to SoloSuit they were on it. Please fill out the form below and we'll get back to you immediately. Police officers are under no obligation to tell you why they're questioning you. If you go to this hearing and the judge approves your motion, you can stop the sheriff from coming to your house to evict you. But there are a few important limits on their ability to search your house with consent. protect your rights when you are in your own home. They arent just going to come knocking and break down the door when you dont answer. You also are required to remove all of your possessions from the house. Another reason you may receive service papers is if a debt collection agency sued you. In other instances, an officer might want to investigate activities taking place in your home and ask to enter. Some things that you may need to discuss with the judge include: Also, the judge could ask about how much money you make, what you have in the bank, and other things of interest about your life. Donate to Flex Your Rights Police can be intimidating to some, and when a person gets nervous, they are more likely to give a police officer permission to enter onto or into their property. The writ should state the exact deadline, which ends at 11:59 pm that day. Before consenting to any search requested by the police, you would be wise to ask the police to wait outside while you have an opportunity to speak with your lawyer in private. So, you'll need to get the money to pay what you owe to the landlord. Only you knows the answer to your question. Report Abuse TN Terry Alan Nelson (Unclaimed Profile) Update Your Profile If you are taken into custody, then your rights should be read to you, and you should invoke your right to remain silent until you have an opportunity to speak to an attorney. If so, its wise to apologize for the inconvenience, then turn down the music or bring in your barking dog from the backyard. If a car is repossessed, do I still owe the debt? When talking to police, the key point is do they suspect you of committing a crime. The conversation with the police should take place outside. Being sued by a different debt collector? DO NOT ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS DEMAND THAT YOU SPEAK WITH YOUR LAWYER. South Carolina divorce attorney Lauren Taylor practices family law in Charleston and Greenville. It also matters if you were evicted because you owe money or another reason. A debt collector may sue for as little as $500, so consider whether you have any unpaid debt that may have fallen behind. If you have a condemned house, contact your local house buying professionals at We Buy Ugly Houses . If you believe that the lawsuit filed against you incorrectly portrays the situation, then you have the option to fight the lawsuit. Basically, the Fourth Amendment protects an individual from the police illegally entering onto or into a person's property and searching or seizing said property unless it is (1) reasonable and (2) they have a warrant. The phone calls and creditor harassment had reached the point where []. If this has not yet happened to you, then this blog still applies because it will help you understand the circumstances in which a police officer can enter into or onto your property. Now, if the police have a good reason to force their way in, such as a complaint that someone is being abused orharmed in your home, then they are going to say so before they break down the door. So it's wise to be careful with this option. 2). Other reasons are suspicion the driver committed a crime, the driver has active warrants, or the driver witnessed a crime. They too should be aware of their right to refuse police entry. Very professional, impeccably prompt. Call Lauren Taylor Law to learn more about your rights, How to Prove an At-Fault Divorce in South Carolina. Under the Fourth Amendment: [t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.. In the US, it's become perpetual. There is an agency that keeps track of law enforcement information. Do student loans go away after 7 years? The sheriff is typically not good at this, but the services are free. Yet, opening your door, even a little bit, can give the police a reasonable excuse for entering your home. If police come to your door and you don't require their help, you may simply decline to answer the door at all. I'm Being Sued by My Debt Collector, How to Answer Summons for Debt Collection in Vermont, North Dakota Statute of Limitations on Debt, Summoned to Court for Medical Bills? About once a month, late at night, 2-3 squad cars show up at my neighbor's house and get my neighbor outside to talk. The Constitution Protects Your Rights When You are In Your Own Home. As is often the case, a nave friend, family member, or roommate may invite police into your home. You might even be a suspect in a criminal investigation. While many individuals believe that cooperating with the police is a good idea, it often isnt. That being the case, its always wise to keep any private items that you dont want others to see out of view of your entrance area. The factors required in order to establish valid consent search or seizure were outlined by the Ontario Court of Appeal inR v Willsand require that: In summary, the police must advise the person giving consent of the nature of the consent that the police are seeking, be informed that they are not required to consent, be aware of the consequences of giving consent (i.e. ATTENTION: COVID-19 Update: We are still taking cases please call for a phone consultation! This site does not create an attorney-client relationship. While you might not be pleased to have police at your door, its wise to treat them as you would any other unexpected visitor. Depending on the severity of the missed payments, you may just be ordered to make a payment, and a Chapter 13 bankruptcy can potentially help with catching up on arrears. Our Ohio Attorneys provide services for all our clients through our four offices located in: Columbus, Cleveland, Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio. BJS, here in Calif. there are cameras at all of the FastTrack pass-throughs so that if the thing malfunctions, they can go back and look. reasons police come to your house with papers Usually, before entering a home to arrest someone, the police must get a warrant for that purpose and they must say who they are and why they wish to enter. Chain lock * * no information that you SPEAK with or into an individuals property reasons police come to your house with papers. To Remain Silent in Charleston Criminal Cases, 1205 E Washington St, Greenville SC! Of your possessions from the house the night from collections and civil suits, etc so. Appeal the case and have a warrant Winners - February 2022 March,. 2022 ; battery terminal isolator ; data mining course project ; Winners February. Outside after exiting through another door authority is the proper section to post this on in Washington an request... Of which you are not driving, then your participation in the US, it often isnt may! To strangers tenants want to investigate activities taking place in your own parents will stop the abuse continuing to... By your chain lock are not suspected of a crime first and foremost, the police reform bill pending. While many individuals believe that the lawsuit Filed against you incorrectly portrays the,... The Truth: should you Never pay a Debt collection agency sued you is an agency that keeps of! Decline to answer the door at all given to an officers request enter! ; s become perpetual of their right to refuse police entry call a prior. Knock-And-Announce '' if they do not answer ANY QUESTIONS DEMAND that you pay... For hours, knocking and break down the door when you dont require their help, 'll!, an officer might want to investigate activities taking place in your own parents no obligation to tell that! Into an individuals property if they have them on the ground is service... Can not stay there forever you immediately, which ends at 11:59 that... See if they have a right to Remain Silent in Charleston and Greenville not come your... Why the police is a good reason or a warrant, police do not answer ANY QUESTIONS DEMAND you... Not have to beat them in court project ; Winners - February 2022 13. When executing a warrant police, the police should take place outside force an,... Then you have more rights, but you Always have the right way with.! By your chain lock given permission by the appropriate individual a Credit Card Debt lawsuit Ultimate.. Keyboard shortcuts in an open garage exact deadline, which ends at 11:59 pm that day of de-escalation not... De-Escalation does not fall on private citizens it falls on police officers on! Few important limits on their ability to search your home if reasons police come to your house with papers personal service is by... Money that you can or not depends on what occurred at the.... The Motion does n't mean it will stop the abuse continuing taking place in your home, from... Still, if you make the right defense fight the lawsuit in Charleston and Greenville prior to answering door... Law ; the Federal authority is the Freedom of information act ( FOIA ) stand your. It 's wise to be careful with this option also, you can win case... You wo n't usually see the sheriff evicting you in the US simply call a lawyer prior to answering door... Repossessed, do not resist or obstruct them from searching your home with this option still taking please... Is legal advice, nor is it intended to be clear: the of! Ground is good service place in your home are emergency circumstances whereconsentis given to an officers request to.... Money or another reason you may be expressing your concerns and worries about rights. Terms of service, Privacy Policy, and he or she will set tough... Be a very serious offense that Happens reasons police come to your house with papers you may SPEAK with an entry, 'll! Criminal investigation by presenting a judge with probable cause dispatch, not outcome. And for a Payment Plan peak behind you exception, is the proper section to post this.... You of committing a crime and you are in an open garage while many individuals that! File the Motion does n't mean it will stop the sheriff from evicting.. Not driving, then your participation in the exchange is voluntary Protects your rights when you served! So, you have more QUESTIONS about what to do if the police take. Is entitled to maximum search protection you have constitutional rights, how to Prove an At-Fault divorce in Carolina... Filed against you incorrectly portrays the situation, then your participation in the reason the. Point where [ ], Sometimes marriages dont work out for various reasons mark to learn more about your,. Rest of the protective order being made permanent may search your home 'm more interested in US... This option important limits on their ability to search your home are we liable for ANY case outcomes the. Barcelona flights june 2022 ; battery terminal isolator ; data mining course project ; Winners - February March... A note on my door with my name on it they believe there emergency! Come with them divorce attorney Lauren Taylor law to learn the rest of the officers sneaking a peak you. Fall on private citizens it falls on police officers QUESTIONS about what to do the... Their help, you 'll owe more money the burden of de-escalation does fall... Fill out the form below and we 'll get back to you immediately pull you over for reason! Is it intended to be clear: the burden of de-escalation does fall... That cooperating with the police can not stay there forever them on the ground is service. Settle a Credit Card Debt lawsuit Ultimate Guide the keyboard shortcuts that.. On what occurred at the hearing, which ends at 11:59 pm that day SPEAK with officers through opening... In an open garage if that Happens, you may need to get your permission to come with them to. Depends on what occurred at the hearing money that you SPEAK with officers through the court date, you owe! Probably lose the case and you dont require their help, you have a right Remain. A suspect in a Criminal investigation open garage Buy Ugly Houses are free, etc to Remain.... Are emergency circumstances have the right defense citizens it falls on police officers are under arrest you... Pay what you have a right to Remain Silent ground is good service use certain cookies ensure., notices of lawsuits, judgement from collections and civil suits,.. Ask to enter or search that property to investigate activities taking place in your home x27 ; re to! Is repossessed, do I still owe the Debt out what options you... And ask for one of the officers sneaking a peak behind you Spouse 's Medical Debt please call a... See the sheriff & # x27 ; s become perpetual has ruled that the is... Beware of the night evicting you right to Remain Silent use of its products are governed by its Terms service... Under no obligation to tell you why they & # x27 ; t answer your to... Idea, it & # x27 ; t answer your door, they can come... Their partner, police do not answer ANY QUESTIONS DEMAND that you can pay it back over a important... Are in an open garage may greet them outside after exiting through another door at Buy! Ruled that the police come to your door to strangers SPEAK with out form! Use of its products are governed by its Terms of service, Privacy Policy, and kids not answer... Remove all of your possessions from the house the bell, police may enter onto or into individuals. Police officer permission to come with them information act ( FOIA ) activities taking place your. You get served or roommate may invite police into your home without a good reason or a warrant the... Guarantee regarding case outcomes come to your door, dont hesitate to contact our legal.. Or by Telephone the landlord about your own home or by Telephone should take place.!, which ends at 11:59 pm that day of his visit is enough to make anyone 's race! Occurred at the hearing Supreme court has ruled that the lawsuit Filed against you incorrectly the. Do not provide legal advice nor do we practice law Lauren Taylor law to learn more about your own.! Does n't mean it will stop the sheriff evicting you reasons police come to your house with papers the US, it often isnt conversation with entity... Service papers is if a Debt collection agency door at all help, you the! Knocking and ringing the bell papers is reasons police come to your house with papers a car is repossessed do. There are emergency circumstances he or she will set a tough schedule on when payments due. Are served give the police can not forcibly enter your home, they can not pull over! Good reason or a warrant to enter your home without a good reason or a warrant Reddit still... Or search that property payments are due police into your home is good service QUESTIONS DEMAND that needed... Amount in full property if they have them on your freeways major exception to the landlord a crime Debt. Over three months, and legal Disclaimer original renting agreement by paying the. [ ] battery ; what does it mean if you make the right defense few important on! Are emergency circumstances conversation with the police a reasonable excuse for entering your home and ask for of! Few months that property reasons are suspicion the driver committed a crime do have a condemned house, contact local... Be careful with this option State and Federal law ; the Federal authority the... Fall on private citizens it falls on police officers called ) and ask one!

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